Case 15.4

 

The patient is diagnosed with Clostridioides difficile infection.

 Which of the following are first line regimens for C. difficile infection supported by guidelines? More than one may be correct. 
Metronidazole 500 mg 3x daily for 10 days
Vancomycin 125 mg 4x daily for 10 days
Vancomycin 500 mg 4x daily for 10 days
Vancomycin 125 mg 4x daily for 10-14 days followed by taper
Fecal Microbiota Transplant
Fidaxomicin 200 mg twice daily for 10 days

The patient was initially prescribed vancomycin 125 mg 4x daily for 10 days and had resolution of diarrhea. However, her diarrhea subsequently returned one month after stopping treatment, and C. difficile testing was again positive for gene and toxin. She was treated with a vancomycin pulse/taper regimen. Again, her symptoms improved during the initial 10 days of treatment and did not recur over the course of the taper. However, 6 weeks after completing therapy, she  had recurrent C. difficile infection.

 Which of the following antibiotic regimens are supported by current guidelines for a second recurrence of CDI? More than one may be correct. 
Metronidazole 500 mg 3x daily for 10 days 
Vancomycin 125 mg 4x daily for 10-14 days followed by taper
Vancomycin 500 mg 4x daily for 10 days 
Bezlotoxumab 10 mg/kg IV, given once alone 
   
Vancomycin 125 mg 4x daily for 10 days followed by rifaximin 400 mg 3x daily for 20 days 
 
Fidaxomicin 200 mg twice daily for 5 days followed by once every other day for 20 days 
 
Bezlotoxumab 10 mg/kg IV, given once in addition to another antibiotic regimen 
 
 

For this second recurrence, she received one of the guideline-supported courses of antibiotics above. Once again, her symptoms respond to antibiotic therapy but recurred within 2 months of discontinuing antibiotics, and she was diagnosed with another episode of CDI on stool testing. She underwent a flexible sigmoidoscopy that showed very mild patchy erythema, an overall appearance of endoscopically quiescent UC, but with histology demonstrating mild active inflammation.